Song of Solomon 8:5

Authorized King James Version

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Who is this that cometh up from the wilderness, leaning upon her beloved? I raised thee up under the apple tree: there thy mother brought thee forth: there she brought thee forth that bare thee.

Original Language Analysis

מִ֣י H4310
מִ֣י
Strong's: H4310
Word #: 1 of 17
who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix
זֹ֗את H2063
זֹ֗את
Strong's: H2063
Word #: 2 of 17
this (often used adverb)
עֹלָה֙ Who is this that cometh up H5927
עֹלָה֙ Who is this that cometh up
Strong's: H5927
Word #: 3 of 17
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
מִן H4480
מִן
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 4 of 17
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר from the wilderness H4057
הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר from the wilderness
Strong's: H4057
Word #: 5 of 17
a pasture (i.e., open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert
מִתְרַפֶּ֖קֶת leaning H7514
מִתְרַפֶּ֖קֶת leaning
Strong's: H7514
Word #: 6 of 17
to recline
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 7 of 17
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
דּוֹדָ֑הּ upon her beloved H1730
דּוֹדָ֑הּ upon her beloved
Strong's: H1730
Word #: 8 of 17
(figuratively) to love; by implication, a love-token, lover, friend; specifically an uncle
תַּ֤חַת H8478
תַּ֤חַת
Strong's: H8478
Word #: 9 of 17
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
הַתַּפּ֙וּחַ֙ thee up under the apple tree H8598
הַתַּפּ֙וּחַ֙ thee up under the apple tree
Strong's: H8598
Word #: 10 of 17
an apple (from its fragrance), i.e., the fruit or the tree (probably including others of the pome order, as the quince, the orange, etc.)
עֽוֹרַרְתִּ֔יךָ I raised H5782
עֽוֹרַרְתִּ֔יךָ I raised
Strong's: H5782
Word #: 11 of 17
to wake (literally or figuratively)
שָׁ֚מָּה H8033
שָׁ֚מָּה
Strong's: H8033
Word #: 12 of 17
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
חִבְּלָ֥ה brought thee forth H2254
חִבְּלָ֥ה brought thee forth
Strong's: H2254
Word #: 13 of 17
to wind tightly (as a rope), i.e., to bind; specifically, by a pledge; figuratively, to pervert, destroy; also to writhe in pain (especially of partur
אִמֶּ֔ךָ there thy mother H517
אִמֶּ֔ךָ there thy mother
Strong's: H517
Word #: 14 of 17
a mother (as the bond of the family); in a wide sense (both literally and figuratively [like father])
שָׁ֖מָּה H8033
שָׁ֖מָּה
Strong's: H8033
Word #: 15 of 17
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
חִבְּלָ֥ה brought thee forth H2254
חִבְּלָ֥ה brought thee forth
Strong's: H2254
Word #: 16 of 17
to wind tightly (as a rope), i.e., to bind; specifically, by a pledge; figuratively, to pervert, destroy; also to writhe in pain (especially of partur
יְלָדַֽתְךָ׃ that bare H3205
יְלָדַֽתְךָ׃ that bare
Strong's: H3205
Word #: 17 of 17
to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage

Analysis & Commentary

The scene shifts: 'Who is this that cometh up from the wilderness, leaning upon her beloved?' The question 'Who is this' (mi zot, מִי־זֹאת) expresses wonder and admiration. The bride comes 'from the wilderness' (min-hamidbar, מִן־הַמִּדְבָּר)—place of testing, trial, and spiritual formation. The key phrase 'leaning upon her beloved' (mitrappeqet al-dodah, מִתְרַפֶּקֶת עַל־דּוֹדָהּ) describes dependence, trust, and supported walking. The wilderness journey proved difficult, but the bride didn't walk alone—she leaned on her beloved's strength. This verse teaches that covenant love supports through trials. The wilderness doesn't destroy but refines, and the beloved's presence transforms difficulty into shared journey. Spiritually, this represents the believer's pilgrimage—coming through trials leaning on Christ's strength (2 Corinthians 12:9-10).

Historical Context

Israel's wilderness wanderings provided powerful imagery of testing, dependence on God, and formation (Deuteronomy 8:2-5). The wilderness journey from Egypt to Canaan shaped national identity. Ancient readers would immediately connect wilderness with trial and God's faithful provision. The bride's emergence 'from wilderness' suggests maturity gained through testing—she didn't avoid difficulty but was sustained through it. Early church fathers saw the believer's earthly pilgrimage as wilderness journey, requiring constant dependence on Christ. The Puritans emphasized that trials test and strengthen faith—'leaning on the beloved' illustrates trusting God's strength rather than self-sufficiency. Modern readers recognize that spiritual formation often occurs through wilderness seasons requiring dependence on Christ.

Questions for Reflection